How aluminum is made

A well-controlled process results in far fewer perfluorocarbons.

ALUMINA

FEEDER

ALUMINA

CO₂

PFCs

ANODE

ANODE

ELECTROLYTE

MOLTEN SALT BATH

ALUMINUM

CATHODE BLOCK

STEEL COLLECTOR BAR

An electric current, running from anodes at the top of

the pot to a cathode at the bottom, creates aluminum

from the mixture inside.

The process releases oxygen, which then combines

with carbon from the anodes to form carbon dioxide.

If the concentration of alumina dips too low, the

electricity will begin to break down the salt bath. When

this happens, fluorine gas released from the salt reacts

with the carbon anodes forming perfluorocarbons in a

process known as “anode effect.”

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ALUMINA

FEEDER

ALUMINA

CO₂

PFCs

ANODE

ANODE

ELECTROLYTE

MOLTEN SALT BATH

ALUMINUM

CATHODE BLOCK

STEEL COLLECTOR BAR

An electric current, running from anodes at

the top of the pot to a cathode at the bottom,

creates aluminum from the mixture inside.

The process releases oxygen, which then

combines with carbon from the anodes to

form carbon dioxide.

If the concentration of alumina dips too low,

the electricity will begin to break down the

salt bath. When this happens, fluorine gas

released from the salt reacts with the carbon

anodes forming perfluorocarbons in a

process known as “anode effect.”

An electric current,

running from anodes

at the top of the pot to

a cathode at the

bottom, creates

aluminum from the

mixture inside.

If the concentration of

alumina dips too low,

the electricity will

begin to break down

the salt bath. When

this happens, fluorine

gas released from the

salt reacts with the

carbon anodes forming

perfluorocarbons in a

process known as

“anode effect.”

ALUMINA

FEEDER

The process releases

oxygen, which then

combines with carbon

from the anodes to

form carbon dioxide.

ALUMINA

CO₂

PFCs

ANODE

ANODE

ELECTROLYTE

MOLTEN SALT BATH

ALUMINUM

CATHODE BLOCK

STEEL COLLECTOR BAR

An electric current, running

from anodes at the top of the

pot to a cathode at the

bottom, creates aluminum

from the mixture inside.

If the concentration of

alumina dips too low, the

electricity will begin to

break down the salt bath.

When this happens,

fluorine gas released from

the salt reacts with the

carbon anodes forming

perfluorocarbons in a

process known as “anode

effect.”

ALUMINA

FEEDER

The process releases oxygen,

which then combines with

carbon from the anodes to

form carbon dioxide.

ALUMINA

CO₂

PFCs

ANODE

ANODE

ELECTROLYTE

MOLTEN SALT BATH

ALUMINUM

CATHODE BLOCK

STEEL COLLECTOR BAR